For Optical communication to happen, a receiver (essentially a photodetector, either a PIN or APD type) needs a minimum amount...

Optical Amplifiers……….The Payback!! Optical amplifiers alleviate that problem by amplifying all the channels together completely in the optical domain; therefore,...

There have been many efforts to use pilot tones (i.e., small sinusoidal components added to WDM signals) for the monitoring...

dBm definition dBm or decibel-milliwatt is an electrical power unit in decibels (dB), referenced to 1 milliwatt (mW). The power...

Introduction To The dB Describing Power Signal stages are cascaded, so powers are multiplied by gain or loss. This yields...

What is a 30 dB gain means???Puzzled..Earlier I use to be the same but its really simple to understand.It means:-For...

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