Optical Amplifiers……….The Payback!! Optical amplifiers alleviate that problem by amplifying all the channels together completely in the optical domain; therefore, optical...

What,why and How of Pilot Tone in DWDM system? There have been many efforts to use pilot tones (i.e., small...

dBm:- A mathematical Interpretation. dBm definition dBm or decibel-milliwatt is an electrical power unit in decibels (dB), referenced to 1 milliwatt (mW). The...

Introduction To The dB Describing Power Signal stages are cascaded, so powers are multiplied by gain or loss. This yields...

What is a 30 dB gain means???Puzzled..Earlier I use to be the same  but its really simple to understand.It means:-For...

optical switching comprehensive guide by Sanjay Yadav

DWDM_good for Beginners by Sanjay Yadav

OTN for Newbies