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RS(n,k):Exploring “n” and “k” in Reed-Solomon FEC code

RS(n,k):Exploring “n” and “k” in Reed-Solomon FEC code

FEC codes in optical communications are based on a class of codes know as Reed-Solomon. A Reed-Solomon code is specified as  RS (n, k), which means...
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  • March 26, 2025
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DALLE-2023-12-27-193927-An-image-representing-the-concept-of-Focusing-PRBS_-Pseudo-Random-Binary-Sequence-in-a-technological-and-abstract-style-The-image-features-a-digita

Focusing PRBS: Pseudo Random Binary Sequence

“In analog world the standard test message is the sine wave, followed by the two-­tone signal  for more rigorous tests. ...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Time Span to calculate BER of order “x”

Time Span to calculate BER of order “x”

The Bit Error Ratio (BER) is often specified as a performance parameter of a transmission system, which needs to be...
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  • March 26, 2025
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a0f6e02b-da05-4c1f-ac66-0c234e20f5d3

OTN maintenance signal interaction

The maintenance signals defined in [ITU-T G.709] provide network connection status information in the form of payload missing indication (PMI), backward...
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  • March 26, 2025
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DALLE-2023-12-27-192406-An-image-depicting-the-concept-of-What-an-OTDR-can-do-for-you_-in-a-technical-and-illustrative-style-The-image-features-an-Optical-Time-Domain-Refl

What an OTDR can do for you?

The Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is useful for testing the integrity of fiber optic cables. An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR)...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Factors That Contribute to Chromatic Dispersion and how to Combat it?

Factors That Contribute to Chromatic Dispersion and how to Combat it?

Chromatic dispersion affects all optical transmissions to some degree.These effects become more pronounced as the transmission rate increases and fiber length...
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  • March 26, 2025
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DALLE-2023-12-27-191823-An-image-visually-illustrating-the-5-4-3-Rule-of-Ethernet-The-image-features-a-clear-and-detailed-network-diagram-with-five-network-segments-four

The 5-4-3 Rule of ETHERNET

When Ethernet was developed it was recognized that the use of repeaters to connect segments to form a larger network would...
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  • March 26, 2025
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DALLE-2023-12-27-190532-An-image-for-a-blog-titled-Why-No-Auto-Negotiation-for-Fiber-Optic-Media_-depicting-a-puzzled-technician-in-a-data-center-surrounded-by-server-rack

Why No Auto-Negotiation for Fiber Optic Media?

Auto-Negotiation for fiber optic media segments turned out to be sufficiently difficult to achieve that most Ethernet fiber optic segments...
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  • March 26, 2025
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What is the soak time period to detect LOS on a port?

What is the soak time period to detect LOS on a port?

To detect a failure that occurs at the source (e.g., laser failure) or the transmission facility (e.g., fiber cut), all...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Definition of OTN Frame Payload Type(PT) 20 & 21?

As defined in G.709 an ODUk container consist of an OPUk (Optical Payload Unit) plus a specific ODUk Overhead (OH).   ...
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  • March 26, 2025
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