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2025

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Significance of Scrambler in SONET/SDH Systems

Just prior to transmission, the entire SONET signal, with the exception of the framing bytes and the section trace byte,...
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  • March 26, 2025
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‘+/-ve Stuffing mechanism in SONET/SDH

Frequency justification and pointers:+/-ve Stuffing mechanism in SONET/SDH When the input data has a rate lower than the output data...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Availability:A Telecom Network Performance Parameter.

1.OverView Availability is a probabilistic measure of the length of time a system or network is functioning. Generally calculated as a percentage,...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Comparison between Optical Switching Technologies

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  • March 26, 2025
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Defining Colorless, Directionless, Contentionless flexible grid Network?

CDC allows operators to future proof their network so they are able to optimize, scale and flexibly meet any future...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Advantages of UNI/BI-directional Protection Switching

Many times we heard that we should implement Unidirectional or Bidirectional APS in the network.Just some of the advantages of...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Channel Coding-A walkthrough

Channel Coding-A walkthrough This article is just for revising Channel Coding concepts. Channel coding is the process that transforms binary...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Rejuvenating PCM:Pulse Code Modulation

Rejuvenating PCM:Pulse Code Modulation This article consists the very basic of PCM(Pulse Code Modulation).i.e foundation for Telecom Networks. The pulse code...
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  • March 26, 2025
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If SDH is based on node and signal synchronization, why do fluctuations occur?

If SDH is based on node and signal synchronization, why do fluctuations occur?Very general question for a Optics beginner. The...
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  • March 26, 2025
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SDH/SONET:Maintenance and Performance Events

SDH/SONET:Maintenance and Performance Events We know SDH/SONET is older technology now but just have a glimpse for the revision of...
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  • March 26, 2025
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