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A Lower Order-ODU or LO-ODU is an ODUk, whose OPUk transports a inside mapped client. An Higher Order-ODU or HO-ODU is...
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March 26, 2025
The main advantages and drawbacks of EDFAs are as follows. Advantages Commercially available in C band (1,530 to 1,565 nm)...
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March 26, 2025
Optical power tolerance: It refers to the tolerable limit of input optical power, which is the range from sensitivity to...
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March 26, 2025
When the bit error occurs to the system, generally the OSNR at the transmit end is well and the fault...
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March 26, 2025
**Multiplicative factor is just a simple math :eg. for ODU1/OPU1=3824/3808={(239*16)/(238*16)} Here value of multiplication factor will give the number of...
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March 26, 2025
Non-linear interactions between the signal and the silica fibre transmission medium begin to appear as optical signal powers are increased...
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March 26, 2025
What is a OTDR ? Optical Time Domain Reflectometer – also known as an OTDR, is a hardware device used for measurement of...
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March 26, 2025
Items HD-FEC SD-FEC Definition Decoding based on hard-bits(the output is quantized only to two levels) is called the “HD(hard-decision) decoding”,...
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March 26, 2025
Power Change during add/remove of channels on filters The power change can be quantified as the ratio between the number...
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March 26, 2025
Few analogies proving the subject:- If the distance is to short and the attenuator is too close to the transmitter,...
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March 26, 2025
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