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Standards

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Comparison between Optical Switching Technologies

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  • March 26, 2025
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Advantages of UNI/BI-directional Protection Switching

Many times we heard that we should implement Unidirectional or Bidirectional APS in the network.Just some of the advantages of...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Channel Coding-A walkthrough

Channel Coding-A walkthrough This article is just for revising Channel Coding concepts. Channel coding is the process that transforms binary...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Rejuvenating PCM:Pulse Code Modulation

Rejuvenating PCM:Pulse Code Modulation This article consists the very basic of PCM(Pulse Code Modulation).i.e foundation for Telecom Networks. The pulse code...
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  • March 26, 2025
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If SDH is based on node and signal synchronization, why do fluctuations occur?

If SDH is based on node and signal synchronization, why do fluctuations occur?Very general question for a Optics beginner. The...
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  • March 26, 2025
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SDH/SONET:Maintenance and Performance Events

SDH/SONET:Maintenance and Performance Events We know SDH/SONET is older technology now but just have a glimpse for the revision of...
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  • March 26, 2025
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SONET/SDH:DEFECTS

A defect is understood as any serious or persistent event that holds up the transmission service. SDH defect processing reports...
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  • March 26, 2025
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OTN supports Transparent Transport of Client Signals:What does it really mean?

Transparency here is transmission over network without altering original property of the client signal. G.709 defines the OPUk which can...
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  • March 26, 2025
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Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)

Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) Tandem system is also known as cascaded systems. SDH monitoring is divided into section and path...
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  • March 26, 2025
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RS(n,k):Exploring “n” and “k” in Reed-Solomon FEC code

FEC codes in optical communications are based on a class of codes know as Reed-Solomon. A Reed-Solomon code is specified as  RS (n, k), which means...
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  • March 26, 2025
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