2025
In a non-coherent WDM system, each optical channel on the line side uses only one binary channel to carry service information. The service transmission...
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March 26, 2025
For coherent signals with wide optical spectrum, the traditional scanning method using an OSA or inband polarization method (EXFO) cannot...
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March 26, 2025
Why does FEC introduce latency? The addition of FEC overhead at the transmit end and FEC decoding at the receive...
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March 26, 2025
Why does coherent detection introduce pre-FEC bit errors? The DSP algorithm at the receive end detects and analyzes the phase...
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March 26, 2025
The ITU standards define a “suspect internal flag” which should indicate if the data contained within a register is ‘suspect’...
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March 26, 2025
A Lower Order-ODU or LO-ODU is an ODUk, whose OPUk transports a inside mapped client. An Higher Order-ODU or HO-ODU is...
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March 26, 2025
The main advantages and drawbacks of EDFAs are as follows. Advantages Commercially available in C band (1,530 to 1,565 nm)...
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March 26, 2025
Optical power tolerance: It refers to the tolerable limit of input optical power, which is the range from sensitivity to...
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March 26, 2025
When the bit error occurs to the system, generally the OSNR at the transmit end is well and the fault...
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March 26, 2025
**Multiplicative factor is just a simple math :eg. for ODU1/OPU1=3824/3808={(239*16)/(238*16)} Here value of multiplication factor will give the number of...
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March 26, 2025
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